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Indonesian Internationalism: Global Struggles across Orders
The Indonesian history of the twentieth century is fundamentally internationalist. From the early 20th century onwards, Indonesian anti-colonial activists envisioned and built global networks in their struggle against Dutch imperialism, drawing inspiration from ideologies such as pan-Islamism, socialism, and the democratic revolutions of the West. Transnational solidarity from Arab and Asian nations helped shape the Indonesian revolution (1945-1949), thanks to a wide array of informal diplomats and post-colonial politicians. These endeavours crystallized in world-making initiatives such as the Bandung Conference, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the New Emerging Forces, where Indonesian internationalists advanced ideas from the Global South, challenging the bipolar hegemony of the Cold War.